Tsukigase, located at the border of Nara, Kyoto, and Mie prefectures, is a region with a rich history and unique geography. Once the bottom of ancient Lake Biwa, known as the Paleo-Biwa Formation, the land rose over time to form its present geographical features. This historical background contributes to the area's rich red clay soil, which is essential to the high quality of Tsukigase tea.
Clear Floral Flavor That is Unusual for Sencha
Tsukigase Zairai does not have the typical Japanese green tea flavor. Most Japanese green teas have a sweet flavor that comes from the large amount of amino acids inside the tea leaf. Amino acids are produced when nitrogen-based fertilizer is applied to the tea tree. The more nitrogen-based fertilizer applied, the faster the tea grows and the more amino acids accumulate. This amino acid is called theanine. When tea is baked during the finishing process called Shiage, the amino acids react with sugar and form the typical flavor through the Maillard reaction—the same mechanism that creates the aroma of pancakes.
Without nitrogen-based fertilizer, tea grows very slowly. The tea then produces more polyphenols and accumulates more minerals inside the leaf. Tsukigase Zairai is grown without any fertilizer, making it rich in minerals and polyphenols. This type of tea has a very refreshing, flowery flavor because it contains very little amino acid. Brewed with a short infusion, the taste is similar to Taiwanese oolong tea.
Tsukigase is Rich in Red Soil
Tsukigase Zairai Sencha is produced in Tsukigase village in Nara prefecture. Due to a government consolidation policy, this village was merged into Nara city. Tsukigase is developed along the Nabari River, which flows through Kyoto and eventually reaches Osaka. The river's name changes from Nabari River to Kizu River and then to Yodo River as it passes through different regions. Historically, the river was used for logistics, and all tea gardens were developed along its banks, with the downstream city serving as the main market. Tea produced along this river, including Tsukigase Zairai Sencha, was historically sold as Uji Sencha. Following regulatory changes by Japan's health ministry, producers stopped using that designation, and tea from Nara is now called Yamato Cha. Yamato is Nara's ancient name, and it was once the oldest capital city of Japan.
Tsukigase Used to Be the Bottom of Lake Biwa
Tsukigase is situated at the border of 3 prefectures: Nara, Kyoto, and Mie. At one time, Lake Biwa was much larger than it is today, and Tsukigase lay at the bottom of this lake. As time passed, the land rose and formed the present geographical features, which is why Tsukigase is so rich in red clay. In fact, Tsukigase is very close to Iga and Shigaraki, both historically known for producing very fine red clay—it takes only a few minutes to reach Iga from Tsukigase. The high quality of Tsukigase tea is mainly due to this red clay.
However, in Tsukigase, fine soil only exists in certain areas due to the specific geographical structure. The land may once have been flat with a top layer rich in red clay, but the gradual encroachment of the Nabari River formed a river terrace. As a result, the fine red soil exists only in the upper layer. The intermediate layer consists of red soil mixed with sand, while the bottom layer is pure white sand. We therefore look only for tea from gardens situated at the highest level. Tea from the lower layers tastes flat and has a very light flavor.
The following diagram shows the distribution of soil layers on the river terrace.
Zairai Tea
Tsukigase Zairai Sencha is produced from Zairai cultivars. In Japanese, Zairai means "native to Japan," though tea itself is not a native Japanese plant—the term refers to seed-grown tea. Zairai tea has very long roots that effectively absorb minerals. When grown under identical conditions, Zairai consistently produces higher quality than modern cultivars such as Yabukita. Because Zairai is planted from seed and undergoes complex natural hybridization, there are various genetic traits among the plants. On close inspection, each tree differs in leaf shape, size, and color.
Sustainable Tea Garden
Our Tsukigase Zairai Sencha is produced through natural farming practices. Natural farming is a more stringent approach than organic production. Farmers do not use any nitrogen fertilizer, even organic forms. They use only grasses or leaves collected from the mountains to manage the growth rate of the tea. The tea grows almost entirely in natural conditions. If nitrogen-based fertilizer such as animal manure is applied, the tea grows faster, which negatively affects its quality.
Removing insects by hand
Wild grass is applied after fermentation.
Slow Growing
Usually, tea trees are trimmed in autumn. The common practice in Japan is to cut the branches low, leaving thick branches like straw. These thick branches effectively transfer nutrients from the ground, causing tea leaves to grow faster and increasing yield. As a result, the aftertaste becomes shallow and the tea accumulates a large amount of amino acids from the excessive nutrient supply. This is why most Japanese teas have a flat aftertaste. In Japan, it is commonly said that good tea contains more amino acids—but in fact, high-quality tea should contain more minerals and polyphenols and fewer amino acids.
Tsukigase tea is trimmed only at the tips, to a very minor extent. With this practice, the branches become very thin—no thicker than a toothpick—and very consistent in size, producing small, evenly sized leaves with a uniform moisture content. Leaves managed this way look yellowish-green and feel firm to the touch. According to the farmer, this method makes the tea leaves less efficient at absorbing nutrients, causing them to grow very slowly and allowing substances to accumulate in the leaves. This is one of the primary reasons Tsukigase tea is of such high quality.
